FLUID MEASUREMENTS
:: 1 gallon = 4 quarts = 3.79 L
:: 1 quart = 2 pints = 0.95 L
:: 1 pint = 16 fl oz
:: 1 gallon = 128 fl oz

DISTANCE MEASUREMENTS
:: 1 meter = 3.28 feet
:: 1 foot = 0.30 m
:: 1 millimeter = 0.0393 inch

WEIGHT MEASUREMENTS
:: 1 gram = 0.0353 oz
:: 1 kilogram = 2.2046 lb

CONVERSION FORMULAS
TEMPERATURE
:: Celsius to Farenheit (C x 1.8) + 32 = F
:: Farenheit to Celsius (F - 32) x 5/9 = C

AREA
Converting millimeters to inches
:: millimeters ÷ 25.4 = inches
Converting inches to millimeters
:: Inches x 25.4 = millimeters
Converting square millimeters to square inches
:: Square millimeters ÷ 645.2 = square inches

LIQUID CAPACITY
:: One U.S. gallon = 3.7854 liters.
:: One liter = .264 U.S. gallon.
The formula for converting liters to U.S. gallons is:
:: Liters ÷ 3.7854 = U.S. gallons
Convert U.S. gallons to liters with the formula:
:: U.S. gallons x 3.785 = liters
:: One U.S. quart equals .946 liter (946 cc)
Liters are converted to U.S. quarts with the formula:
:: Liters ÷ .946 = U.S. quarts
U.S. quarts are converted to liters with the formula:
:: U.S. quarts x .946 = liters
:: One U.S. fluid ounce equals 29.6 cc.
For converting cc to U.S. fluid ounce the formula is:
:: cc ÷ 29.6 = U.S. fluid ounces
For converting U.S. fluid ounces to cc the formula is:
:: Ounces x 29.6 = cc
:: Volume one cubic inch equals 16.387 cubic centimeters (cc).
:: One cc equals .061 cubic inch.
For converting cc's to cubic inches, the formula is:
:: cc ÷ 16.387 = cubic inches
The formula for converting cubic inches to cc is:
:: cubic inches x 16.387 = cc
:: One liter equals 1000 cc or 61.023 cubic inches
For converting liters to cubic inches the formula is:
:: Liters x 61.023 = cubic inches
:: A 3.5 liter engine has a displacement of 213.58 cubic inches
:: (3.5 x 61.023 = 213.58 ci)

For converting cubic inches to liters the formula is:
:: Cubic inches ÷ 61.023 = liters
:: Liters to cc's is:
:: Liters x 1000 = cc's
:: Cc's to liters is:
:: Cc ÷ 1000 = liters

DISTANCE
For distance and speed measurements:
:: one mile equals
:: 1.609 kilometers and one kilometer equals .6214 mile
To convert kilometers to miles, use the formula:
:: Kilometers ÷ 1.609 = miles
To convert miles to kilometers, use the formula:
:: Miles x 1.609 = kilometers

CYLINDER DISPLACEMENT
:: The engine displacement formula is the standard formula for computing the volume of a cylinder of any type with an added factor that represents the number of cylinders in the engine.

:: The cross-sectional area of the cylinders is determined and the volume of the individual cylinders is computed by multiplying the area by the stroke length. Multiplying the result by the number of cylinders gives the engine's total displacement. The formula is:
Bore diameter x bore diameter x .7854 x stroke length x number of cylinders = displacement
Dimensions in inches will give the displacement in cubic inches. Dimensions in millimeters will give displacement in cubic millimeters, which are then converted to the standard measure of cubic centimeters with the formula:
Cubic millimeters ÷ 1000 = centimeters
For example, compute the displacement of a single cylinder engine that has a bore of 54 mm and a stroke of 53 mm. The equation then is:
54 x 54 .7854 x 54 x1 = 123,672.42 cubic millimeters
We now reduce to cubic centimeters by diving by 1000
123,672.42 ÷ 1000 = 123.67 cubic centimeters (cc)

HORSEPOWER AND TORQUE
Horsepower and torque are measures of engine performance. They are related to the extent that one cannot exist without the other. Torque is the measure of the amount of work an engine can do and horsepower is the measure of the amount of work done in a given time. The time factor for horsepower computations is the engine's crankshaft speed, as measured in revolutions per minute.

Formula for computing horsepower:
:: Torque x rpm ÷ 5252 = horsepower
For computing torque when horsepower and rpm's are known:
:: Horsepower x 5252 ÷ rpm = torque